Radiative losses due to pulse interactions in helicoidal spin–orbit couple open Bose–Einstein condensates at negative temperature

Abstract: This study investigates the transient evolution of two-polarization pulses in a two-component helicoidal spin–orbit coupled open Bose–Einstein condensate system operating in the negative temperature regime. The dynamics are governed by coupled complex Ginzburg–Landau equations. Using a variational approach, the pulse evolution is modeled with a trial function consisting of coupled soliton-like pulses with time-dependent parameters, augmented by a radiative shelf. This leads to a set of ordinary differential equations describing the pulse dynamics. Stability is examined through an effective potential analysis, which reveals that solitons can become trapped in the minima of the potential well. This suggests that careful tuning of system parameters can mitigate the destabilizing effects of the radiative shelf. To validate the analytical results, we perform direct numerical simulations in Fourier space, taking into account the helicoidal spin–orbit coupling. The numerical findings are in strong agreement with the theoretical predictions, confirming the validity of the stability analysis. Graphic Abstract: (Figure presented.)