Synergistic effects of spin-orbit coupling and intercomponent interactions in two-component (2+1)D photonic fields

The study investigates the formation, stability and dynamic advancement of two-dimensional vortex quantum droplets within binary Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs), shaped by the interplay of photonic spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and quantum fluctuation effects. SOC leads to significant droplet stretching, resulting in vortex clusters forming in each component. The competition between photonic SOC and Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) interactions introduces vortices into the condensate, described by the numerically solved Gross–Pitaevskii equation (GPE). The results show that droplets like structures arise at low SOC strengths and interaction parameters. The transition to vortex takes place as the SOC increases. Enhanced interactions give rise to the emergence of quantum droplets as the vortices dissipate, demonstrating fascinating dynamics. These findings enhance understanding of the physical properties of photonic SOC coupled binary BECs in 2D with LHY correction, impacting cold-atom physics and condensed matter research. The study can also be expanded to explore quantum droplets with a small atom count, which is advantageous for experimental applications.